Introduction

The electronic properties of materials - how materials behave in the presence of electric fields - are critical in almost every aspect of our lives and is a highly active area of research in the field of materials science and engineering. The understanding and control of electronic behavior of materials enables the production, transmission, and storage of energy, the processing, storage and communication of information, and the sensing and interpretation of data. Highly engineered electronic materials have made modern society what it is today,

Electronic behaviors of materials encompass a wide range of phenomena including charge transport (i.e., electronic and ionic conductivity and resistivity), optical behavior, semiconductivity, and quantum mechanical behavior. Over the last few hundred years, scientists and engineers have harnessed the power of electronic materials to change the world- and over the last seventy years, they've unlocked the potential of semiconducting devices to lead us into the information age. These materials are key drivers in the advancement of technology and will have continued impact in the fields of energy, computing, and communication.